Esse efeito depende de glicopenia intracelular, pois a administração de 2-desoxiglicose (um análogo da glicose que leva à deficiência intracelular de glicose) também aumenta o GH. Essa resposta à hipoglicemia depende da taxa de variação da glicose no sangue e do nível absoluto atingido. O que podemos deduzir do controle neural é que: o sistema hipotálamo-hipofisário compõe o sistema de regulação neuroendócrina. As conexões entre o sistema nervoso e o sistema endócrino, dentre outras vias, ocorre principalmente pelo eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário. O controle neural ocorre através de neurotransmissores, já a regulação endócrina ocorre por hormônios ou neurohormônios. Os hormônios adeno-hipofisários respondem a fatores de estimulação/inibição hipotalâmicos. Os hormônios da neurohipófise são sintetizados pelos próprios neurônios que chegam a neurohipófise. O controle da secreção dos hormônios hipotalâmicos-hipofisários é regulado por alças de feedback: longas (onde os órgãos endócrinos respondem com secreção hormonal contra-regulando a secreção central), curtas (a hipófise contra-regula o hipotálamo) e ultracurtas (onde o hipotálamo contra-regula o próprio hipotálamo).
THE NEURAL CONTROL, BASAL SECRETION OF GH-GROWTH HORMONE AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO CHILD, INFANT AND YOUTH.
THE NEURAL CONTROL OF GH SECRETION BASEMENT-GROWTH HORMONE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN CHILD, INFANT AND YOUTH RESULTS IN AN ILLEGAL RELEASE AND FLASHING DURING SLEEP AND VARY ACCORDING TO AGE: PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY-GENETICS-ENDOCRINE-PEDIATRICS (SUBDIVISION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY): DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA VERLANGIERI CAIO.
The peak level in which GH-Growth Hormone release occurs considering child, infant and young people and even teenagers is approximately 1 to 4 hours after the onset of sleep during stage 3 and 4 of sleep and the release is performed at intervals of approximately 15 to 15 minutes.
These peaks during nighttime sleep, which account for approximately 70 a 80% of daily GH secretion higher growth hormone are in children and tend to decrease their secretion of with increasing age. Therefore have no doubt that humans are dependent on sleep when it comes to release of GH, and of course that does not follow this basic detail is one of the indicators to facilitate low because the need daily longitudinal or linear height of Sleep can vary by about 7 to 8 hours nightly and is not contraindicated in the afternoon a short nap. The glucose infusion does not suppress this episodic release. The same occurs with emotional stress, physical, mechanical and chemical, including surgery, trauma and exercise. Electroshock treatments and administration of pyrogen causes the release of GH which may seem a paradox, but we are only talking about the physiological episodic release, e.g., the neural control and basal release. Moreover, the decrease in secretion leading to longitudinal or linear and consequent short stature (height) insufficient growth has been well documented in child, infant and youth with severe emotional deprivation. However, the metabolic disorder is a strong binding of GH and Metabolism: metabolic factors affecting GH secretion include all energy substrates, carbohydrates, proteins and fat. The administration of glucose by oral or intravenous decreases GH in healthy individuals. The hypoglycemia, in turn, stimulates release of GH. This effect depends on intracellular glicopenia, because the administration of 2-deoxyglucose (an analogue of glucose that leads to intracellular glucose deficiency) also increases GH. This response to hypoglycemia depends on the rate of change in blood glucose level and the absolute achieved. What we can deduce is that the neural control? The hypothalamus-pituitary system composes the system neuroendocrine regulation. The connections between the nervous system and the endocrine system, among other routes, occur primarily by the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. The neural control occurs via neurotransmitters, since endocrine regulation occurs through hormones or neurohormones. The adeno pituitary hormones respond to stimulation/inhibition of hypothalamic factors. Neurohypophysis hormones are synthesized by the neurons that reach the neurohypophysis.
Control the secretion of pituitary hormones is regulated by hypothalamic feedback loops: long (where the endocrine organs respond to hormone secretion from the central regulating secretion), short (against the pituitary regulates the hypothalamus) and ultra short (where the hypothalamus regulates against hypothalamus itself).
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinolgista – Medicina Interna
CRM 2893
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AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; ABE H., CHIHARA K., CHIBA T., MATSUKURA S., FUJITA T. (1981) Effect of intraventricular injection of neurotensin and various bioactive peptides on plasma immunoreactive somatostatin levels in rat hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology 108:1939–1943; ABE H., KATO Y., IWASAKI I., CHIHARA K., IMURA H.(1978) Central effect of somatostatin on the secretion of growth hormone in the anesthetized rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 159:346–349; ABE H., KIMURA K., MINAMITANI N., IWASAKI J. CHIBA T., MATSUKARA S., FUJITA T. (1981) Stimulation by bombesin of immunoreactive somatostatin release into rat hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology 109:229–234; ABRAMS R. L., GRUMBACH M. M., KAPLAN S. L. (1971) The effect of administration of human growth hormone on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acid response to insulin: evidence for GH autoregulation in man. J. Clin. Invest. 50:940–950; ABRIBAT T., BOULANGER L., GAUDREAU P. (1990) Characterization of human growth hormone-releasing factor (1–44) amide binding to rat pituitary. Evidence for a high and low affinity classes of sites.Brain Res. 528:291–299; ABRIBAT T., DESLAURIES N., BRAZEAU P., GAUDREAU P. (1991) Alterations of pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor binding sites in aging rats. Endocrinology 128:633–635; ABRIBAT T., FINKELSTEIN J. A., GAUDREAU P. (1991) Alterations of somatostatin but not growth hormone-releasing factor pituitary binding sites in obese Zucker rats. Regul. Pept. 36:263–270; ACS Z., LONART G., MAKARA G. (1990) Role of hypothalamic factors (growth hormone-releasing hormone and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the regulation of growth hormone secretion in the neonatal and adult rat. Neuroendocrinology 52:156–160; ACS Z., MAKARA G. B., STARK E.(1984) Growth hormone secretion of the neonatal rat pituitaries is stimulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid in vitro. Life Sci. 34:1505–1511; ACS Z., SZABO B., KAPOCS G., MAKARA G. B. (1987) γ-Aminobutyric acid stimulates pituitary growth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat. A superfusion study. Endocrinology 120: 1790–1798; ACS Z., ZSOM L., MAKARA G. B.(1992) Possible mediation of GABA induced growth hormone secretion by increased calcium-flux in neonatal pituitaries. Life Sci. 50:217–279.
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Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; ABE H., CHIHARA K., CHIBA T., MATSUKURA S., FUJITA T. (1981) Effect of intraventricular injection of neurotensin and various bioactive peptides on plasma immunoreactive somatostatin levels in rat hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology 108:1939–1943; ABE H., KATO Y., IWASAKI I., CHIHARA K., IMURA H.(1978) Central effect of somatostatin on the secretion of growth hormone in the anesthetized rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 159:346–349; ABE H., KIMURA K., MINAMITANI N., IWASAKI J. CHIBA T., MATSUKARA S., FUJITA T. (1981) Stimulation by bombesin of immunoreactive somatostatin release into rat hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology 109:229–234; ABRAMS R. L., GRUMBACH M. M., KAPLAN S. L. (1971) The effect of administration of human growth hormone on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acid response to insulin: evidence for GH autoregulation in man. J. Clin. Invest. 50:940–950; ABRIBAT T., BOULANGER L., GAUDREAU P. (1990) Characterization of human growth hormone-releasing factor (1–44) amide binding to rat pituitary. Evidence for a high and low affinity classes of sites.Brain Res. 528:291–299; ABRIBAT T., DESLAURIES N., BRAZEAU P., GAUDREAU P. (1991) Alterations of pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor binding sites in aging rats. Endocrinology 128:633–635; ABRIBAT T., FINKELSTEIN J. A., GAUDREAU P. (1991) Alterations of somatostatin but not growth hormone-releasing factor pituitary binding sites in obese Zucker rats. Regul. Pept. 36:263–270; ACS Z., LONART G., MAKARA G. (1990) Role of hypothalamic factors (growth hormone-releasing hormone and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the regulation of growth hormone secretion in the neonatal and adult rat. Neuroendocrinology 52:156–160; ACS Z., MAKARA G. B., STARK E.(1984) Growth hormone secretion of the neonatal rat pituitaries is stimulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid in vitro. Life Sci. 34:1505–1511; ACS Z., SZABO B., KAPOCS G., MAKARA G. B. (1987) γ-Aminobutyric acid stimulates pituitary growth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat. A superfusion study. Endocrinology 120: 1790–1798; ACS Z., ZSOM L., MAKARA G. B.(1992) Possible mediation of GABA induced growth hormone secretion by increased calcium-flux in neonatal pituitaries. Life Sci. 50:217–279.
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Site Van Der Häägen Brazil
www.vanderhaagenbrazil.com.br
www.clinicavanderhaagen.com.br
www.crescimentoinfoco.com
www.obesidadeinfoco.com.br
http://drcaiojr.site.med.br
http://dracaio.site.med.br
João Santos Caio Jr
http://google.com/+JoaoSantosCaioJr
Vídeo
http://youtu.be/woonaiFJQwY
Google Maps:
http://maps.google.com.br/maps/place?cid=5099901339000351730&q=Van+Der+Haagen+Brasil&hl=pt&sll=-23.578256,46.645653&sspn=0.005074,0.009645&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.575591,-46.650481&spn=0,0&t = h&z=17